{"id":716,"date":"2023-12-06T14:40:13","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T13:40:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elecyt.org\/blog\/?p=716"},"modified":"2023-12-06T14:57:15","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T13:57:15","slug":"comment-surmonter-la-peur-de-parler-en-public-grace-a-la-theorie-socio-cognitive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elecyt.org\/blog\/2023\/12\/06\/comment-surmonter-la-peur-de-parler-en-public-grace-a-la-theorie-socio-cognitive\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment surmonter la peur de parler en public gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie socio-cognitive?"},"content":{"rendered":"
La th\u00e9orie socio-cognitive (TSC) permet de meilleures prises de parole en public
\n<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Dans un pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent article<\/a>, nous avons vu que la peur de parler en public \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandue. Elle pouvait \u00eatre aussi tr\u00e8s handicapante. Dans cet article, nous allons voir comment la TSC permet de surmonter la peur de parler en public.<\/p>\n

NOS DOUTES\u00a0? DES TRAITRES\u00a0!<\/strong><\/h6>\n

La peur de parler en public est une forme de phobie sociale. A ce propos, le p\u00e8re de la TSC, Albert Bandura a beaucoup \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les phobies. Pour lui, l’anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9coule d’un faible croyance en ses capacit\u00e9s \u00e0 surmonter la peur. Il a baptis\u00e9 cette croyance sentiment d’efficacit\u00e9 personnelle (SEP). Ainsi, comme l\u2019\u00e9crivait William Shakespeare, \u201cnos doutes sont des traitres et nous privent de ce que nous pourrions souvent gagner de bon parce que nous avons peur d’essayer.\u201d<\/p>\n

De fait, les chercheurs ont mis en \u00e9vidence un lien entre SEP et peur de parler. Ainsi des \u00e9tudiants form\u00e9s \u00e0 structurer leur discours et utiliser leur voix ont vu leur anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 baisser. Au travers de telles formations, les personnes se convainquent de l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de leurs comp\u00e9tences et augmentent leur SEP.<\/p>\n

Plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, dans le traitement des phobies sociales, agir sur le SEP en am\u00e9liore le r\u00e9sultat. Si, apr\u00e8s le traitement, les patients constatent une am\u00e9lioration de leurs comp\u00e9tences sociales, les situations redout\u00e9es leur apparaissent moins mena\u00e7antes. D\u2019ailleurs, une intervention manipulant le SEP a montr\u00e9 plus d’effet que l’exposition syst\u00e9matique ou la restructuration cognitive, th\u00e9rapies traditionnelles pour soigner les phobies sociales.<\/p>\n

LE R\u00d4LE FONDAMENTAL DU SENTIMENT D\u2019EFFICACIT\u00c9 PERSONNELLE<\/strong><\/h6>\n

La synth\u00e8se de la litt\u00e9rature sur les phobies sociales permet de mettre en \u00e9vidence le mod\u00e8le socio-cognitif de la prise de parole en public\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Pour commencer, le SEP exerce son effet sur la peur de parler en public \u00e0 travers les attentes de r\u00e9sultats qu’un orateur peut esp\u00e9rer de sa prestation. Ainsi, l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 apparait lorsque les personnes d\u00e9sirent donner une impression particuli\u00e8re sur les autres (le r\u00e9sultat attendu) mais doutent qu’ils en soient capables (le SEP). Et plus le co\u00fbt de l\u2019\u00e9chec est \u00e9lev\u00e9, plus l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 est importante.<\/p>\n

En outre, les orateurs anxieux \u00e9mettraient plus fr\u00e9quemment des doutes sur leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 cr\u00e9er les impressions d\u00e9sir\u00e9es sur le public et s’attendraient \u00e0 ce que leur performance soit en-dessous de leurs attentes. Ils auraient \u00e9galement tendance \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les r\u00e9sultats de leurs prises de parole plus n\u00e9gativement que les sujets normaux, et ind\u00e9pendamment du r\u00e9sultat objectif.<\/p>\n

SON ACTION SUR LE COMPORTEMENT
\n<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Ensuite, le SEP impacte les facult\u00e9s de la personne \u00e0 s\u2019auto-g\u00e9rer. Ce sont par exemple la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019auto-\u00e9valuer, \u00e0 se fixer des objectifs et \u00e0 activer des strat\u00e9gies efficaces. Entre autres, on a montr\u00e9 que les phobiques sociaux ont du mal \u00e0 d\u00e9finir et \u00e0 atteindre des objectifs sociaux<\/p>\n

Enfin, le SEP influence l\u2019effet de l’environnement externe, comme par exemple faire face \u00e0 un public hostile. Dans cette situation, le pouls d\u2019un orateur de faible SEP a tendance \u00e0 acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer davantage qu’un orateur de forte SEP.<\/p>\n

Dans la suite de la cha\u00eene, l\u2019attente de r\u00e9sultats, les facult\u00e9s d\u2019auto-gestion et la perception de l\u2019environnement conditionnent \u00e0 leur tour le comportement de l\u2019orateur, en particulier s\u2019il recherchera ou \u00e9vitera les situations de communication. Un orateur \u00e0 faible SEP aura tendance \u00e0 \u00e9viter les prises de parole en public. Cette strat\u00e9gie d\u2019\u00e9vitement va cr\u00e9er \u00e0 son tour une boucle de renforcement. Comme une proph\u00e9tie auto-r\u00e9alisatrice, l\u2019\u00e9vitement va convaincre la personne qu\u2019elle n\u2019a pas les comp\u00e9tences ad\u00e9quates, amoindrissant son SEP et intensifiant l\u2019\u00e9vitement.<\/p>\n

LES BONNES PRATIQUES R<\/strong>\u00c9<\/strong>V<\/strong>\u00c9<\/strong>L<\/strong>\u00c9<\/strong>ES PAR LA SCIENCE<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes qui donnent cr\u00e9dit au mod\u00e8le socio-cognitif de la prise de parole en public \u00e9voqu\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, un comportement ad\u00e9quat m\u00e8ne \u00e0 des r\u00e9sultats probants. Quelles sont donc les bonnes pratiques que la science nous fait d\u00e9couvrir\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Tout d’abord, entra\u00eener son attention<\/strong> augmente significativement la qualit\u00e9 d\u2019une prise de parole. En effet, l\u2019orateur maitrisant son attention attache moins d\u2019importance aux signaux n\u00e9gatifs externes, issus de l\u2019environnement, ou internes, comme les pens\u00e9es intrusives. Cela d\u00e9sinhibe sa parole et en am\u00e9liore la qualit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

De m\u00eame, lors de la planification d\u2019un discours, la prise en compte explicite des besoins de l\u2019auditoire<\/strong> am\u00e9liore les performances. D\u2019autre part, r\u00e9p\u00e9ter son discours<\/strong>, seul ou devant un public, am\u00e9liore aussi le rendu. En particulier, cela diminue l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et augmente la propension \u00e0 communiquer. Enfin, recevoir des \u00e9valuations<\/strong> ou s’auto-\u00e9valuer est une bonne pratique. De fait, l\u2019absence de retour afaiblirait la confiance des orateurs en leurs propres comp\u00e9tences.<\/p>\n

POUR ALLER PLUS LOIN<\/strong><\/h6>\n

La TSC para\u00eet ad\u00e9quate \u00e0 rendre compte des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes psychologiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre dans la prise de parole en public. L\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de cette th\u00e9orie est que le SEP, son concept central, est lui-m\u00eame mall\u00e9able. Des interventions sp\u00e9cifiques peuvent donc le modifier. En pr\u00e9senter un \u00e9chantillon sera l\u2019objet d\u2019un prochain article.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La th\u00e9orie socio-cognitive (TSC) permet de meilleures prises de parole en public Dans un pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent article, nous avons vu que la peur de parler en public \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandue. Elle pouvait \u00eatre aussi tr\u00e8s handicapante. Dans cet article, nous allons voir comment la TSC permet de surmonter la peur de parler en public. NOS DOUTES\u00a0? […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-communication","category-psychologie"],"yoast_head":"\nComment surmonter la peur de parler en public gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie socio-cognitive? - Fa\u00e7ons de parler<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elecyt.org\/blog\/2023\/12\/06\/comment-surmonter-la-peur-de-parler-en-public-grace-a-la-theorie-socio-cognitive\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comment surmonter la peur de parler en public gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie socio-cognitive? - Fa\u00e7ons de parler\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La th\u00e9orie socio-cognitive (TSC) permet de meilleures prises de parole en public Dans un pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent article, nous avons vu que la peur de parler en public \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandue. 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Elle pouvait \u00eatre aussi tr\u00e8s handicapante. Dans cet article, nous allons voir comment la TSC permet de surmonter la peur de parler en public. NOS DOUTES\u00a0? 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