{"id":342,"date":"2021-11-25T14:37:38","date_gmt":"2021-11-25T13:37:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elecyt.org\/blog\/?p=342"},"modified":"2021-11-25T14:45:21","modified_gmt":"2021-11-25T13:45:21","slug":"comment-vaincre-les-hesitations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elecyt.org\/blog\/2021\/11\/25\/comment-vaincre-les-hesitations\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment vaincre les h\u00e9sitations ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Les \u201cheu\u201d et les \u201chmm\u201d sont des parasites de la communication que la m\u00e9thode Toastmasters aide \u00e0 ma\u00eetriser<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

A chaque r\u00e9union Toastmasters, un des membres du club d\u00e9nombre les h\u00e9sitations (les heu ou hmmm) prononc\u00e9es au cours de la r\u00e9union et rend compte de son score \u00e0 chaque orateur. C\u2019est souvent une surprise douloureuse, m\u00eame pour les plus chevronn\u00e9s. Car nous avons tendance \u00e0 sous-estimer la quantit\u00e9 de nos h\u00e9sitations.<\/p>\n

Dans cet article, nous allons nous int\u00e9resser \u00e0 l’impact des h\u00e9sitations sur la qualit\u00e9 d\u2019un discours et donner quelques recettes pour s\u2019en d\u00e9barrasser.<\/p>\n

LES H\u00c9SITATIONS AFFAIBLISSENT LA PAROLE<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Ind\u00e9niablement, les h\u00e9sitations ternissent l\u2019impact d\u2019un discours. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 le psychologue am\u00e9ricain Nicholas Christenfeld. Pour cela, il a soumis ses \u00e9tudiants de l\u2019universit\u00e9 de San Diego \u00e0 une exp\u00e9rience fort int\u00e9ressante. Il leur a fait entendre un discours de quelques minutes contenant beaucoup d\u2019h\u00e9sitations, dans trois versions\u00a0: l\u2019originale et deux autres, manipul\u00e9es num\u00e9riquement.<\/p>\n

Dans la premi\u00e8re d\u2019entre elles, les h\u00e9sitations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9es par des silences. Dans la seconde, elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 purement et simplement retir\u00e9es. En outre, il a donn\u00e9 la consigne \u00e0 un tiers du public, avant l\u2019\u00e9coute, de se concentrer sur le contenu<\/u><\/strong> du discours et \u00e0 un autre tiers de se concentrer sur la forme<\/u><\/strong> du discours, le dernier tiers n\u2019ayant pas de consigne particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9coute, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 ses \u00e9tudiants d\u2019estimer le nombre d\u2019h\u00e9sitations prononc\u00e9es et de donner une note \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9loquence de l\u2019orateur. Sans surprise, plus nombreuses \u00e9taient les h\u00e9sitations, moins l\u2019orateur \u00e9tait jug\u00e9 \u00e9loquent. Plus surprenant, les \u00e9tudiants \u00e9taient incapables de trouver laquelle des trois versions, l\u2019originale, celle avec des silences et celle sans silence, contenait le plus d\u2019h\u00e9sitations. Ce ne sont que ceux qui avaient pr\u00eat\u00e9 explicitement attention \u00e0 la forme<\/u><\/strong> du discours qui y parvenaient. Enfin, la version o\u00f9 les silences rempla\u00e7aient les h\u00e9sitations donnait l\u2019impression que l\u2019orateur \u00e9tait encore plus mal \u00e0 l\u2019aise que dans la version originale, avec des h\u00e9sitations.<\/p>\n

S\u2019ATTAQUER AUX CAUSES DES H\u00c9SITATIONS<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Pour expliquer ces paradoxes, Christenfeld a \u00e9mis l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se qu\u2019un processus inconscient \u00e9valuait les h\u00e9sitations. Il en a conclu que pour am\u00e9liorer son \u00e9loquence, il fallait les \u00e9liminer compl\u00e8tement et non pas seulement les remplacer par des silences.<\/p>\n

Christenfeld partit alors \u00e0 la recherche des racines du mal et mena d\u2019autres exp\u00e9riences. Il montra notamment que l\u2019exc\u00e8s d\u2019attention<\/u><\/strong> port\u00e9e par l\u2019orateur au contenu de son discours provoquait l’h\u00e9sitation. En particulier, un sujet abstrait, un vocabulaire riche ou un effort pour bien parler am\u00e8nent l\u2019orateur \u00e0 se concentrer davantage et g\u00e9n\u00e8rent davantage d\u2019h\u00e9sitations.<\/p>\n

D\u2019autres causes d\u2019une attention excessive sont la peur d’\u00eatre jug\u00e9 ou le fait de parler \u00e0 quelqu\u2019un d\u2019intimidant. Il a d\u2019ailleurs prouv\u00e9 que les personnes sous l’emprise de l’alcool h\u00e9sitent moins que les personnes sobres. Il en a conclu qu\u2019\u00e9tant moins inhib\u00e9es, ces personnes se concentrent moins sur ce qu’elles disent. De m\u00eame, parler sans interlocuteur, devant un interphone ou un r\u00e9pondeur par exemple, augmente \u00e9galement le nombre d\u2019h\u00e9sitations.<\/p>\n

COMMENT LES \u00c9RADIQUER ?<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Pour \u00e9liminer les h\u00e9sitations, il faut donc \u00e9viter de trop se concentrer sur ce qu’on est en train de dire. Pour cela, plusieurs moyens existent. Un discours concret, par exemple racontant une histoire, ou l\u2019usage d\u2019un vocabulaire limit\u00e9 demandent ainsi moins d\u2019attention. Par ailleurs, la pratique de l\u2019improvisation permet d\u2019automatiser la parole. Enfin, se concentrer sur d\u2019autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments que le discours, comme le public ou sa propre gestuelle est \u00e9galement un moyen efficace.<\/p>\n

L\u2019un des orateurs les plus brillants que j\u2019ai rencontr\u00e9 chez Toastmaster ne commettait aucune h\u00e9sitation, m\u00eame en improvisation. Il avait un secret. Enfant, Il avait appris le solf\u00e8ge et s\u2019\u00e9tait entra\u00een\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9chiffrer des partitions \u00e0 haute voix avec un m\u00e9tronome. Se concentrer sur le rythme lui permettait de contr\u00f4ler son d\u00e9bit.<\/p>\n

POUR ALLER PLUS LOIN<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Si les h\u00e9sitations nuisent \u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 de la communication, il existe donc des moyens pour s\u2019en d\u00e9barrasser. Chez Toastmasters, d\u2019ailleurs, il est rare que les membres les plus exp\u00e9riment\u00e9s (\u201cdistingu\u00e9s\u201d ou DTM) en commettent. Vous en doutez\u00a0? Venez donc nous rendre visite<\/a> lors d\u2019une de nos prochaines s\u00e9ances(lien).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les \u201cheu\u201d et les \u201chmm\u201d sont des parasites de la communication que la m\u00e9thode Toastmasters aide \u00e0 ma\u00eetriser A chaque r\u00e9union Toastmasters, un des membres du club d\u00e9nombre les h\u00e9sitations (les heu ou hmmm) prononc\u00e9es au cours de la r\u00e9union et rend compte de son score \u00e0 chaque orateur. C\u2019est souvent une surprise douloureuse, m\u00eame […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-communication","category-toastmasters"],"yoast_head":"\nComment vaincre les h\u00e9sitations ? - Fa\u00e7ons de parler<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elecyt.org\/blog\/2021\/11\/25\/comment-vaincre-les-hesitations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comment vaincre les h\u00e9sitations ? - Fa\u00e7ons de parler\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les \u201cheu\u201d et les \u201chmm\u201d sont des parasites de la communication que la m\u00e9thode Toastmasters aide \u00e0 ma\u00eetriser A chaque r\u00e9union Toastmasters, un des membres du club d\u00e9nombre les h\u00e9sitations (les heu ou hmmm) prononc\u00e9es au cours de la r\u00e9union et rend compte de son score \u00e0 chaque orateur. 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